编辑
2017-12-16
前端开发
00

目录

日常开发中经常遇到布局问题,下面记录几种常用的css布局方案。

本文转自 segmentfault,版权归原作者所有。

居中布局

以下居中布局均以不定宽为前提,定宽情况包含其中

1、水平居中

  • inline-block + text-align
css
.parent{ text-align: center; } .child{ display: inline-block; }

tips:此方案兼容性较好,可兼容至IE8,对于 IE567 并不支持 inline-block,需要使用css hack 进行兼容

  • table + margin
css
.child{ display: table; margin: 0 auto; }

tips:此方案兼容至IE8,可以使用<table/>代替css写法,兼容性良好

  • absolute + transform
css
.parent{ position: relative; height:1.5em; } .child{ position: absolute; left: 50%; transform: translateX(-50%); }

tips:此方案兼容至IE9,因为 transform 兼容性限制,如果.child为定宽元素,可以使用以下写法,兼容性极佳

css
.parent{ position: relative; height:1.5em; } .child{ position: absolute; width:100px; left: 50%; margin-left:-50px; }
  • flex + justify-content
css
.parent{ display: flex; justify-content: center; } .child{ margin: 0 auto; }

tips:flex是一个强大的css,生而为布局,它可以轻松的满足各种居中、对其、平分的布局要求,但由于现浏览器兼容性问题,此方案很少被使用,但是值得期待浏览器兼容性良好但那一天!

2、垂直

  • table-cell + vertial-align
css
.parent{ display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; }

tips:可替换成<table />布局,兼容性良好

  • absolute + transform
css
.parent{ position: relative; } .child{ position: absolute; top: 50%; transform: translateY(-50%); }

tips:存在css3兼容问题,定宽兼容性良好

如果是定高(假如高100px),可以使用margin-top: -50px;

  • flex + align-items
css
.parent{ display: flex; align-items: center; }

tips:高版本浏览器兼容,低版本不适用

3、水平垂直

  • inline-block + table-cell + text-align + vertical-align
css
.parent{ text-align: center; display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; } .child{ display: inline-block; }

tips:兼容至IE8

  • absolute + transform
css
.parent{ position: relative; } .child{ position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(-50%,-50%); }

tips:兼容性稍差,兼容IE10以上

  • flex
css
.parent{ display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; }

tips:兼容差

多列布局

1、一列定宽,一列自适应

  • float + margin
css
.left{ float: left; width: 100px; } .right{ margin-left: 120px; }

tips:此方案对于定宽布局比较好,不定宽布局推荐下面这个方法

  • float + overflow
css
.left{ float: left; width: 100px; margin-right: 20px; } .right{ overflow: hidden; }

tips:个人常用写法,此方案不管是多列定宽或是不定宽,都可以完美实现,同时可以实现等高布局

  • table
css
.parent{ display: table; width: 100%; table-layout: fixed; } .left,.right{ display: table-cell; } .left{ width: 100px; padding-right: 20px; }
  • flex
css
.parent{ display: flex; } .left{ width: 100px; padding-right: 20px; } .right{ flex: 1; }

2、多列定宽,一列自适应

  • float + overflow
css
.left,.center{ float: left; width: 100px; margin-right: 20px; } .right{ overflow: hidden; }
  • table
css
.parent{ display: table; width: 100%; table-layout: fixed; } .left,.center,.right{ display: table-cell; } .right{ width: 100px; padding-right: 20px; }
  • flex
css
.parent{ display: flex; } .left,.center{ width: 100px; padding-right: 20px; } .right{ flex: 1; }

3、一列不定宽,一列自适应

  • float + overflow
css
.left{ float: left; margin-right: 20px; } .right{ overflow: hidden; } .left p{width: 200px;}
  • table
css
.parent{ display: table; width: 100%; } .left,.right{ display: table-cell; } .left{ width: 0.1%; padding-right: 20px; } .left p{width:200px;}
  • flex
css
.parent{ display: flex; } .left{ margin-right: 20px; } .right{ flex: 1; } .left p{width: 200px;}

4、多列不定宽,一列自适应

  • float + overflow
css
.left,.center{ float: left; margin-right: 20px; } .right{ overflow: hidden; } .left p,.center p{ width: 100px; }

5、等分

  • float + margin
css
.parent{ margin-left: -20px; } .column{ float: left; width: 25%; padding-left: 20px; box-sizing: border-box; }
  • table + margin
css
.parent-fix{ margin-left: -20px; } .parent{ display: table; width:100%; table-layout: fixed; } .column{ display: table-cell; padding-left: 20px; }
  • flex
css
.parent{ display: flex; } .column{ flex: 1; } .column+.column{ margin-left:20px; }

6、多列等高

  • float + overflow
css
.parent{ overflow: hidden; } .left,.right{ padding-bottom: 9999px; margin-bottom: -9999px; } .left{ float: left; width: 100px; } .right{ overflow: hidden; }
  • table
css
.parent{ display: table; width: 100%; } .left{ display:table-cell; width: 100px; margin-right: 20px; } .right{ display:table-cell; }
  • flex
css
.parent{ display:flex; width: 100%; } .left{ width: 100px; } .right{ flex:1; }

并排等分,单排对齐靠左布局

flex

css
.main { display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; justify-content: space-between; } .item { display: inline-block; } .empty{ height: 0; visibility: hidden; }

具体详解请见下文 https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011007357

圣杯布局&双飞翼布局

此处仅为代码展示,差别讲解请移驾下文 【方案】圣杯布局&双飞翼布局

圣杯布局

html
<div class="container"> <div class="header">header</div> <div class="wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main col">main</div> <div class="left col">left</div> <div class="right col">right</div> </div> <div class="footer">footer</div> </div>
css
.container {width: 500px; margin: 50px auto;} .wrapper {padding: 0 100px 0 100px;} .col {position: relative; float: left;} .header,.footer {height: 50px;} .main {width: 100%;height: 200px;} .left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;left: -100px;} .right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px; right: -100px;} .clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

双飞翼布局

html
<div class="container"> <div class="header">header</div> <div class="wrapper clearfix"> <div class="main col"> <div class="main-wrap">main</div> </div> <div class="left col">left</div> <div class="right col">right</div> </div> <div class="footer">footer</div> </div>
css
.col {float: left;} .header {height: 50px;} .main {width: 100%;} .main-wrap {margin: 0 100px 0 100px;height: 200px;} .left {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100%;} .right {width: 100px; height: 200px; margin-left: -100px;} .footer {height: 50px;} .clearfix::after {content: ""; display: block; clear: both; visibility: hidden; height: 0; overflow: hidden;}

以下所有demo的源码 github:https://github.com/zwwill/css-layout/tree/master/demo-1 链接: http://pan.baidu.com/s/1cHBH3g 密码

本文作者:青波

本文链接:

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